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17.1 - Lynch JK, Pavlakis S, Deveber G.   Lynch JK, Pavlakis S, deVeber G. Treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular disorders in children. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2005; 7: 469-480.

17.2 - Lynch JK, Hirtz DG, DeVeber G, Nelson KB.   Lynch JK, Hirtz DG, deVeber G, Nelson KB. Report of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke workshop on perinatal and childhood stroke. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 116-123.

17.3 - Kittner SJ, Adams RJ.   Kittner SJ, Adams RJ. Stroke in children and young adults. Curr Opin Neurol 1996; 9: 53-56.

17.4 - Giroud M, Lemesle M, Gouyon JB, Nivelon JL, Milan C, Dumas R.   Giroud M, Lemesle M, Gouyon JB, Nivelon JL, Milan C, Dumas R. Cerebrovascular disease in children under 16 years of age in the city of Dijon, France: a study of incidence and clinical features from 1985 to 1993. J Clin Epidemiol 1995; 48: 1343-1348.

17.5 -   deVeber G. Canadian Pediatric Ischemic Stroke Registry. Paediatr Child Health 2000; A17 [Abstract].

17.6 - Marini C, Totaro R, De Santis F, Ciancarelli I, Baldassarre M, Carolei A.   Marini C, Totaro R, De Santis F, Ciancarelli I, Baldassarre M, Carolei A. Stroke in young adults in the community-based L’Aquila registry: incidence and prognosis. Stroke 2001; 32: 52-56.

17.7 - Radhakrishnan K, Ashok PP, Sridharan R, Mousa ME.   Radhakrishnan K, Ashok PP, Sridharan R, Mousa ME. Stroke in the young: incidence and pattern in Benghazi, Libya. Acta Neurol Scand 1986; 73: 434-438.

17.8 - Anderson CS, Jamrozik KD, Burvill PW, Chakera TM, Johnson GA, Stewart-Wynne EG.   Anderson CS, Jamrozik KD, Burvill PW, Chakera TM, Johnson GA, Stewart-Wynne EG. Ascertaining the true incidence of stroke: experience from the Perth Community Stroke Study, 1989-1990. Med J Aust 1993; 158: 80-84.

17.9 - Rosman KD.   Rosman KD. The epidemiology of stroke in an urban black population. Stroke 1986; 17: 667-669.

17.10 - Rozenthul-Sorokin N, Ronen R, Tamir A, Geva H, Eldar R.   Rozenthul-Sorokin N, Ronen R, Tamir A, Geva H, Eldar R. Stroke in the young in Israel. Incidence and outcomes. Stroke 1996; 27: 838-841.

17.11 - Jerntorp P, Berglund G.   Jerntorp P, Berglund G. Stroke registry in Malmö, Sweden. Stroke 1992; 23: 357-361.

17.12 - Jacobs BS, Boden-Albala B, Lin IF, Sacco RL.   Jacobs BS, Boden-Albala B, Lin IF, Sacco RL. Stroke in the young in the northern Manhattan stroke study. Stroke 2002; 33: 2789-2793.

17.13 - Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C.   Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C. A prospective study of acute cerebrovascular disease in the community: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project--1981-86. 2. Incidence, case fatality rates and overall outcome at one year of cerebral infarction, primary intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53: 16-22.

17.14 - Czlonkowska A, Ryglewicz D, Weissbein T, Baranska-Gieruszczak M, Hier DB.   Czlonkowska A, Ryglewicz D, Weissbein T, Baranska-Gieruszczak M, Hier DB. A prospective community-based study of stroke in Warsaw, Poland. Stroke 1994; 25: 547-551.

17.15 - Marini C, Totaro R, Carolei A.   Marini C, Totaro R, Carolei A, for the National Research Council Study Group on Stroke in the Young. Long-term prognosis of cerebral ischemia in young adults. Stroke 1999; 30: 2320-2325.

17.16 - Nedeltchev K, der Maur TA, Georgiadis D, Arnold M, Caso V, Mattle HP, Schroth G, Remonda L, Sturzenegger M, Fischer U, Baumgartner RW.   Nedeltchev K, der Maur TA, Georgiadis D, Arnold M, Caso V, Mattle HP, Schroth G, Remonda L, Sturzenegger M, Fischer U, Baumgartner RW. Ischaemic stroke in young adults: predictors of outcome and recurrence. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76: 191-195.

17.17 - Kappelle LJ, Adams HP Jr, Heffner ML, Torner JC, Gomez F, Biller J.   Kappelle LJ, Adams, HP, Heffner ML, Torner JC, Gomez F, Biller J. Prognosis of young adults with ischemic stroke: a long-term follow-up study assessing recurrent vascular events and functional outcome in the Iowa Registry of Stroke in Young Adults. Stroke 1994; 25: 1360-1365.

17.18 - Arias E, Anderson RN, Kung HC, Murphy SL, Kochanek KD.   Arias E, Anderson RN, Kung HC, Murphy SL, Kochanek KD. Deaths: final data for 2001. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2003; 52: 1-115.

17.19 - Wraige E, Pohl KR, Ganesan V.   Wraige E, Pohl KR, Ganesan V. A proposed classification for subtypes of arterial ischaemic stroke in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005; 47: 252-256.

17.20 - Al-Sulaiman A, Bademosi O, Ismail H, Magboll G.   Al-Sulaiman A, Bademosi O, Ismail H, Magboll G. Stroke in Saudi children. J Child Neurol 1999; 14: 295-298.

17.21 - Leys D.   Leys D. Ischemic strokes in young adults Rev Med Interne 2003; 24: 585-593.

17.22 -   Kirkham FJ. Stroke in childhood. Arch Dis Child 1999; 81: 85-89.

17.23 - Riela AR, Roach ES.   Riela AR, Roach ES. Etiology of stroke in children. J Child Neurol 1993; 8: 201-220.

17.24 - Zimmerman RA, Haselgrove JC, Wang Z, Hunter JV, Morriss MC, Hoydu A, Bilaniuk LT.   Zimmerman RA, Haselgrove JC, Wang Z, Hunter JV, Morriss MC, Hoydu A, Bilaniuk LT. Advances in pediatric neuroimaging. Brain Dev 1998; 20: 275-289.

17.25 - Gadian DG, Calamante F, Kirkham FJ, Bynevelt M, Johnson CL, Porter DA, Chong WK, Prengler M, Connelly A.   Gadian DG, Calamante F, Kirkham FJ, Bynevelt M, Johnson CL, Porter DA, Chong WK, Prengler M, Connelly A. Diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in childhood stroke. J Child Neurol 2000; 15: 279-283.

17.26 - Lynch JK.   Lynch JK. Cerebrovascular disorders in children. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2004; 4: 129-138.

17.27 -   The Royal College of Physicians, Paediatric Stroke Working Group. Stroke in childhood-Clinical guidelines for diagnosis,management and rehabilitation. http://www rcplondon ac uk/pubs/books/childstroke/ 2004;Available at: URL: http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/books/childstroke/. AccessedJune 15, 2006.

17.28 - Wirrell EC, Armstrong EA, Osman LD, Yager JY.   Wirrell Armstrong EA, Osman LD, Yager JY. Prolonged seizures exacerbate perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Pediatr Res 2001; 50: 445-454.

17.29 - Monagle P, Chan A, Massicotte P, Chalmers E, Michelson AD.   Monagle P, Chan A, Massicotte P, Chalmers E, Michelson AD. Antithrombotic therapy in children: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004; 126 (3 Suppl): 645S-687S.

17.30 - Thirumalai SS, Shubin RA.   Thirumalai SS, Shubin RA. Successful treatment for stroke in a child using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. J Child Neurol 2000; 15: 558.

17.31 - Gruber A, Nasel C, Lang W, Kitzmüller E, Bavinzski G, Czech T.   Gruber A, Nasel C, Lang W, Kitzmuller E, Bavinzski G, Czech T. Intra-arterial thrombolysis for the treatment of perioperative childhood cardioembolic stroke. Neurology 2000; 54: 1684-1686.

17.32 - Noser EA, Felberg RA, Alexandrov AV.   Noser EA, Felberg RA, Alexandrov AV. Thrombolytic therapy in an adolescent ischemic stroke. J Child Neurol 2001; 16: 286-288.

17.33 - Golomb MR, Rafay M, Armstrong D, Massicotte P, Curtis R, Hune S, deVeber GA.   Golomb MR, Rafay M, Armstrong D, Massicotte P, Curtis R, Hune S, deVeber GA. Intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator for thrombosis complicating cerebral angiography in a 17-year-old girl. J Child Neurol 2003; 18: 420-423.

17.34 - Kirton A, Wong JH, Mah J, Ross BC, Kennedy J, Bell K, Hill MD.   Kirton A, Wong JH, Mah J, Ross BC, Kennedy J, Bell K, Hill MD. Successful endovascular therapy for acute basilar thrombosis in an adolescent. Pediatrics 2003; 112 (3 Pt 1): e248-e251.

17.35 - Bourekas EC, Slivka AP, Casavant MJ.   Bourekas EC, Slivka AP, Casavant MJ. Intra-arterial thrombolysis of a distal internal carotid artery occlusion in an adolescent. Neurocrit Care 2005; 2: 179-182.

17.36 - Wang M, Hays T, Balasa V, Bagatell R, Gruppo R, Grabowski EF, Valentino LA, Tsao-Wu G, Manco-Johnson MJ; Pediatric Coagulation Consortium.   Wang M, Hays T, Balasa V, Bagatell R, Gruppo R, Grabowski EF, Valentino LA, Tsao-Wu G, Manco-Johnson MJ. Low-dose tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis in children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2003; 25: 379-386.

17.37 - Zenz W, Arlt F, Sodia S, Berghold A.   Zenz W, Arlt F, Sodia S, Berghold A. Intracerebral hemorrhage during fibrinolytic therapy in children: a review of the literature of the last thirty years. Semin Thromb Hemost 1997; 23: 321-332.

17.38 - Chabrier S, Husson B, Lasjaunias P, Landrieu P, Tardieu M.   Chabrier S, Husson B, Lasjaunias P, Landrieu P, Tardieu M. Stroke in childhood: outcome and recurrence risk by mechanism in 59 patients. J Child Neurol 2000; 15: 290-294.

17.39 - Lanthier S, Carmant L, David M, Larbrisseau A, de Veber G.   Lanthier S, Carmant L, David M, Larbrisseau A, de Veber G. Stroke in children: the coexistence of multiple risk factors predicts poor outcome. Neurology 2000; 54: 371-378.

17.40 - Perlman JM, Rollins NK, Evans D.   Perlman JM, Rollins NK, Evans D. Neonatal stroke: clinical characteristics and cerebral blood flow velocity measurements. Pediatr Neurol 1994; 11: 281-284.

17.41 - Schoenberg BS, Mellinger JF, Schoenberg DG.   Schoenberg BS, Mellinger JF, Shoenberg DG. Cerebrovasular disease in infants and children: a study of incidence, clinical features and survival. Neurology 1978; 28: 763-768.

17.42 - Kleindorfer D, Khoury J, Kissela B, Alwell K, Woo D, Miller R, Schneider A, Moomaw C, Broderick JP.   Kliendorfer D, Khoury J, Kissela B, Alwell K, Woo D, Miller Rosemary, Schneider A, Moomaw C, Broderick JP. Temporal trans in the incidence and case fatality of stroke in children and adolescents. J Child Neurol 2006; 21: 415-419.

17.43 - Sila CA.   Sila A. Heart disease and stroke. Curr Neurol Nurosci Rep 2006; 6: 23-27.

17.44 - Lanska MJ, Lanska DJ, Horwitz SJ, Aram DM.   Lanska MJ, Lanska DJ, Horwitz SJ, Aram DM. Presentation, clinical course, and outcome of childhood stroke. Pediatr Neurol 1991; 7: 333-341.

17.45 - Ganesan V, Prengler M, McShane MA, Wade AM, Kirkham FJ.   Ganesan V, Prengler M, McShane MA, Wade AM, Kirkham FJ. Investigation of risk factors in children with arterial ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol 2003; 53: 167-173.

17.46 -   Andrew M, Monagle PT, Brooker LA. Thromboembolic complications during infancy and childhood. Hamilton, Ont; Lewiston, N.Y.: B.C. Decker; 2000.

17.47 - Overell JR, Bone I, Lees KR.   Overell JR, Bone I, Lees KR. Interatrial septal abnormalities and stroke: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Neurology 2000; 55: 1172-1179.

17.48 - Avierinos JF, Brown RD, Foley DA, Nkomo V, Petty GW, Scott C, Enriquez-Sarano M.   Avierinos JF, Brown RD, Foley DA, Nkomo V, Petty GW, Scott C, Enriquez-Sarano M. Cerebral ischemic events after diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse: a community-based study of incidence and predictive factors. Stroke.2003; 34: 1339-1344.

17.49 - Pinede L, Duhaut P, Loire R.   Pinede L, Duhaut P, Loire R. Clinical presentation of left atrial cardiac myxoma. A series of 112 consecutive cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2001; 80: 159-172.

17.50 - Ricci R, Castorina M, Di Lillo M, Antuzzi D, Frustaci A, Parini R, Menni F, Furlan F, Burlina A, Burlina A, Catuogno S, Gabrielli O, Burattini I, Borsini W, Buchner S, Ferriozzi S, Spisni C, De Vito R, Di Rocco M, Aricò M, Pistone G, Bongiorno AM, Morrone A, Cavicchi C, Zammarchi E.   Ricci R, Castorina M, Di Lillo M, Antuzzi D, Frustaci A, Parini R, Menni F, Furlan F, Burlina A, Burlina A, Catuogno S, Gabrielli O, Burattini I, Borsini W, Büchner S, Ferriozzi S, Spisni C, De Vito R, Di Rocco M, Aricò M, Pistone G, Bongiorno AM, Morrone A, Cavicchi C, Zammarchi E. Primo studio epidemiologico e collaborativo italiano sulla malattia di Fabry. Ann Ital Med Int 2004; 19: 269-275.

17.51 - Rolfs A, Böttcher T, Zschiesche M, Morris P, Winchester B, Bauer P, Walter U, Mix E, Löhr M, Harzer K, Strauss U, Pahnke J, Grossmann A, Benecke R.   Rolfs A, Böttcher T, Zschiesche M, Morris P, Winchester B, Bauer P, Walter U, Mix E, Löhr M, Harzer K, Strauss U, Pahnke J, Grossmann A, Benecke R. Prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with cryptogenic stroke: a prospective study. Lancet 2005; 366: 1794-1796.

17.52 - Mehta A, Ricci R, Widmer U, Dehout F, Garcia de Lorenzo A, Kampmann C, Linhart A, Sunder-Plassmann G, Ries M, Beck M.   Mehta A, Ricci R, Widmer U, Dehout F, Gracia de Lorenzo A, Kampmann C, Linhart A, Sunder-Plassmann G, Ries M, Beck M. Fabry disease defined: baseline clinical manifestations of 366 patients in the Fabry outcome survey. Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34: 236-242.

17.53 - Ries M, Kim HJ, Zalewski CK, Mastroianni MA, Moore DF, Brady RO, Dambrosia JM, Schiffmann R, Brewer CC.   Ries M, Kim HJ, Zalewski CK, Mastroianni MA, Moore DF, Brady RO, Dambrosia JM, Schiffmann R, Brewer CC. Neuropathic and cerebrovascular correlates of hearing loss in Fabry disease. Brain 2007; 130: 143-150.

17.54 - Banikazemi M, Ullman T, Desnick RJ.   Banikazemi M, Ullman T, Desnick RJ. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Fabry disease: clinical response to enzyme replacement therapy. Mol Genet Metab 2005; 85: 255-259.

17.55 - Mitsias P, Levine SR.   Mitsias P, Levine SR. Cerebrovascular complications of Fabry’s disease. Ann Neurol 1996; 40: 8-17.

17.56 -   Ginsberg L, Manara R, Valentine AR, Kendall B, Burlina AP. Magnetic resonance imaging changes in Fabry disease. Acta Paediatrica 2006; Suppl 451: 57-62.

17.57 -   Desnick RJ, Ioannou YA, Eng CM. a-Galactosidase A deficiency: Fabry disease. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D eds. The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, Vol. III, 8th ed. New York; McGraw-Hill 2001: p. 3733-3774.

17.58 - Shabbeer J, Yasuda M, Luca E, Desnick RJ.   Shabbeer J, Yasuda M, Luca E, Desnick RJ. Fabry disease: 45 novel mutations in the a-galactosidase A gene causing the classical phenotype. Mol Genet Metab 2002; 76: 23-30.

17.59 -   Sodi A, Ioannidis A, Pitz S. Ophthalmological manifestations of Fabry disease. In: Mehta A, Beck M, Sunder-Plassmann eds. Fabry Disease: Perspectives from 5 Years of FOS. Oxford 2006: p. 249-261.

17.60 - Schiffmann R, Kopp JB, Austin HA 3rd, Sabnis S, Moore DF, Weibel T, Balow JE, Brady RO.   Schiffmann R, Kopp JB, Austin HA, Sabnis S, Moore DF, Weibel T, Balow JE, Brady RO. Enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 285: 2743-2749.

17.61 - Eng CM, Guffon N, Wilcox WR, Germain DP, Lee P, Waldek S, Caplan L, Linthorst GE, Desnick RJ; International Collaborative Fabry Disease Study Group.   Eng CM, Guffon N, Wilcox WR, Germani DP, Lee P, Waldek S, Caplan L, Linthorst GE, Desnick RJ. Safety and efficacy of recombinant human a-galactosidase A replacement therapy in Fabry’s disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 9-16.

17.62 - Hajioff D, Enever Y, Quiney R, Zuckerman J, Mackermot K, Mehta A.   Hajioff D, Enever Y, Quiney R, Zuckerman J, MacDermot K, Mehta A. Hearing loss in Fabry disease: the effect of agalsidase alfa replacement. J Inherit Metab Dis 2003; 26: 787-794.

17.63 -   Andria G, Fowler B, Sebastio G. Disorders of sulfur amino acid metabolism. In: Fernandes J, Saudabray J.M, van den Berghe G, Walter JW eds. Inborn Metabolic Diseases. Diagnosis and Treatment, 4th ed. Heidelberg 2006; Springer: p. 273-282.

17.64 - Yap S.   Yap S. Classical homocystinuria: vascular risk and its prevention. J Inherit Metab Dis 2003; 26: 259-265.

17.65 - Casas JP, Bautista LE, Smeeth L, Sharma P, Hingorani AD.   Casas JP, Bautista LE, Smeeth L, Sharma P, Hingorani AD. Homocysteine and stroke: evidence on a causal link from mendelian randomisation. Lancet 2005; 365: 224-232.

17.66 - Homocysteine Studies Collaboration.   The Homocysteine Studies Collaboration. Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke. JAMA 2002; 288: 2015-2022.

17.67 -   Hankey GJ. Is homocysteine a causal and treatable risk factor for vascular diseases of the brain (cognitive impairment and stroke)? Ann Neurol 2002; 51: 279-281.

17.68 - Kelly PJ, Furie KL, Kistler JP, Barron M, Picard EH, Mandell R, Shih VE.   Kelly JP, Furie KL, Kistler JP, Barron M, Picard EH, Mandell R, Shih VE. Stroke in young patients with hyperhomocysteinemia due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Neurology 2003; 60: 275-279.

17.69 - Yap S, Boers GH, Wilcken B, Wilcken DE, Brenton DP, Lee PJ, Walter JH, Howard PM, Naughten ER.   Yap S, Boers GHJ, Wilcken B, Wilcken DEL, Brenton DP, Lee PJ, Walter JH, Howard PM, Naughten ER. Vascular outcome in patients with homocystinuria due to cystathionine b-synthase deficiency treated chronically: a multicenter observational study. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 2080-2085.

17.70 - Deodato F, Boenzi S, Santorelli FM, Dionisi-Vici C.   Deodato F, Bonzi S, Santorelli FM, Dionisi-Vici C. Methylmalonic and propionic aciduria. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet 2006; 142C: 104-112.

17.71 - Burlina AP, Baracchini C, Carollo C, Burlina AB.   Burlina AP, Baracchini C, Carollo C, Burlina AB. Propionic acidaemia with basal ganglia stroke: treatment of acute extrapyramidal symptoms with L-DOPA. J Inherit Metab Dis 2001; 24: 596-598.

17.72 - Burlina AP, Manara R, Calderone M, Catuogno S, Burlina AB.   Burlina AP, Manara R, Calderone M, Catuogno S, Burlina AB. Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of neurological damage in patients with methylmalonic aciduria. J Inherit Metab Dis 2003; 26: 417-422.

17.73 -   Burlina AP. Neurological phenomena. In: de Valk HW, Barriento Martinez, ZM. Practical Approach to Rare metabolic Disorders In Adulthood. Utrecht; Lemma Publishers 2005: p. 39-48.

17.74 -   Henderson GV, Kittner SJ, Johns DR. An incidence study of stroke secondary to MELAS in the young. Neurology. 1997; 48: A403. [Abstract]

17.75 - Hirano M, Ricci E, Koenigsberger MR, Defendini R, Pavlakis SG, DeVivo DC, DiMauro S, Rowland LP.   Hirano M, Ricci E, Koenigsberger MR, Defendini R, Pavlakis SG, DeVivo DC, DiMauro S, Rowland LP. Melas: an original case and clinical criteria for diagnosis. Neuromuscul Disord 1992; 2: 125-135.

17.76 - Montagna P, Gallassi R, Medori R, Govoni E, Zeviani M, Di Mauro S, Lugaresi E, Andermann F.   Montagna P, Gallassi R, Medori R, Govoni E, Zeviani M, Di Mauro S, Lugaresi E, Andermann F MELAS syndrome: characteristic migrainous and epileptic features and maternal transmission. Neurology 1988; 38: 751-754.

17.77 - Martínez-Fernández E, Gil-Peralta A, García-Lozano R, Chinchón I, Aguilera I, Fernández-López O, Arenas J, Campos Y, Bautista J.   Martinez-Fernandez E, Gil-Peralta A, Garcia-Lozano R, Chinchon I, Aguilera I, Fernandez-Lopez O, Arenas J, Campos Y, Bautista J. Mitochondrial disease and stroke. Stroke 2001; 32: 2507-2510.

17.78 - Sue CM, Crimmins DS, Soo YS, Pamphlett R, Presgrave CM, Kotsimbos N, Jean-Francois MJ, Byrne E, Morris JG.   Sue CM, Crimmins DS, Soo YS, Pamphlett R, Presgrave CM, Kotsimbos N, Jean-Francois MJ, Byrne E, Morris JG. Neuroradiological features of six kindreds with MELAS tRNA(Leu) A2343G point mutation: implications for pathogenesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65: 233-240.

17.79 - Abe K, Yoshimura H, Tanaka H, Fujita N, Hikita T, Sakoda S.   Abe K, Yoshimura H, Tanaka H, Fujita N, Hikita T, Sakoda S. Comparison of conventional and diffusion-weighted MRI and proton MR spectroscopy in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like events. Neuroradiology 2004; 46: 113-117.

17.80 - Clark JM, Marks MP, Adalsteinsson E, Spielman DM, Shuster D, Horoupian D, Albers GW.   Clark JM, Marks MP, Adalsteinsson E. MELAS: clinical and pathologic correlations with MRI, xenon-CT and MR spectroscopy. Neurology 1996; 46: 223-227.

17.81 - Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, Branch DW, Brey RL, Cervera R, Derksen RH, DE Groot PG, Koike T, Meroni PL, Reber G, Shoenfeld Y, Tincani A, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Krilis SA.   Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, Branch DW, Brey RL, Cervera R, Derksen RH, DE Groot PG, Koike T, Meroni PL, Reber G, Shoenfeld Y, Tincani A, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Krilis SA. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 295-306.

17.82 - Alarcón-Segovia D, Sanchez-Guerrero J.   Alarcon-Segovia D, Sanchez-Guerrero J. Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. J Rheumatol 1989; 16: 482-488.

17.83 - Asherson RA, Cervera R, de Groot PG, Erkan D, Boffa MC, Piette JC, Khamashta MA, Shoenfeld Y; Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome Registry Project Group.   Asherson RA, Cervera R, de Groot PG, Erkan D, Boffa MC, Piette JC, Khamashta MA, Shoenfeld Y; Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome Registry Project Group. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: international consensus statement on classification criteria and treatment guidelines. Lupus 2003; 12: 530-534.

17.84 - Bick RL.   Bick RL. Antiphospholipid thrombosis syndromes. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2001; 7: 241-258.

17.85 - Brey RL, Chapman J, Levine SR, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Derksen RH, Khamashta M, Shoenfeld Y.   Bray RL, Chapman J, Levine SR, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Derksen RH, Khamashta M, Shoenfeld Y. Stroke and the antiphospholipid syndrome: consensus meeting Taormina 2002. Lupus 2003; 12: 508-513.

17.86 - Hunt J, Krilis S.   Hunt J., Krilis S. The fifth domain of b-2 glycoprotein-1 contains a phospholipid binding site. J Immunol 1994; 152: 653-659.

17.87 - Hess DC, Sheppard JC, Adams RJ.   Hess DC, Sheppard JC, Adams RJ. Increased immunoglobulin binding to cerebral endothelium in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Stroke 1993; 24: 994-999.

17.88 -   The Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Stroke Study (APASS) Group: Clinical, radiological and pathological aspects of cerebrovascular disease associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. Stroke 1993; 24 (12 Suppl): I120-I123.

17.89 -   Finazzi G, Barbui B. Feasibility of a randomized clinical trial for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome: the WAPS project. Provisional Steering Committee of the Warfarin in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (WAPS) Study. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1996; 147 (Suppl 1): 38-41.

17.90 - Toschi V, Motta A, Castelli C, Paracchini ML, Zerbi D, Gibelli A.   Toschi V, Motta A, Castelli C, Paracchini ML, Zerbi D, Gibelli A. High prevalence of antiphosphatidylinositol antibodies in young patients with cerebral ischemia of undetermined cause. Stroke 1998; 29: 1759-1764.

17.91 - Vila P, Hernández MC, López-Fernández MF, Batlle J.   Vila P, Hernandez MC, Lopez-Fernandez MF, Batlle J. Prevalence, follow-up and clinical significance of the anticardiolipin antibodies in normal subjects. Thromb Haemost 1994; 72: 209-213.

17.92 - Blohorn A, Guegan-Massardier E, Triquenot A, Onnient Y, Tron F, Borg JY, Mihout B.   Blohorn A, Guegan-Massardier E, Triquenot A, Onnient Y, Tron F,Borg JY, Mihout B. Antiphospholipid antibodies in the acute phase ofcerebral ischaemia in young adults: a descriptive study of 139 patients. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 13: 156-162.

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